Love In The Canterbury Tales Essay Research free essay sample

Love In The Canterbury Tales Essay, Research Paper Henry Louis Mencken expressed, # 8220 ; Love: The maniacal conviction that one grown-up female varies from another. # 8221 ; This witticism sounds valid for the explorers that Geoffrey Chaucer went with on the travelers venture in The Canterbury Tales. Every one of the essayist # 8217 ; s characters fit in their ain unique, each with their ain account. As the stories are let one know by one, the explorers # 8217 ; notions and emotions are uncovered for the host furthermore, the peruser to quantify. This uncovers of import characteristics, counting how the train sees love. These highlights are generally striking in footings of the heroic Knight, the oil Miller, and the autonomous Wife of Bath. The Knight is picked as the main pioneer to express his account and take the host # 8217 ; s challenge vigorously. # 8220 ; He was judicious, he bore himself each piece compliantly as a lady, # 8221 ; shows the Knight # 8217 ; s hesitance to show feeling and just to make each piece a lot of a fundamental ( # 8221 ; The General Preamble # 8221 ; , ll. We will compose a custom article test on Love In The Canterbury Tales Essay Research or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page 68-69 ) . As a # 8220 ; valid, great, delicate knight, # 8221 ; he is raised by the codification of grant ( # 8221 ; The General Prologue # 8221 ; , ll. 72 ) . The Knight # 8217 ; s account is loaded up with a feeling of gallantry, mental fortitude, and pride. The account analogs folklore, covering with aspects of the ideal picture of a grown-up female, Emily. The lady is spoken to as a goddess, and as the Platonic idea of adoration. The Knight # 8217 ; s see on love is extremely Christian # 8211 ; impacted by his profound crusades extremely unadulterated, and shortsighted. # 8220 ; A babbler and a Teller of bar accounts, # 8221 ; the Miller howls his # 8220 ; definition # 8221 ; of adoration through his fabliau and collaboration with different explorers ( # 8221 ; The General Prologue # 8221 ; , ll. 562 ) . Envisioned like the Satan, the Miller lures followings through temptation of fiendishness what's more, his bagpipes. The affection for the Miller is creature and bestial, seen through his depiction of his mammoth like self image and the youthful method of Alison. It is increasingly physical that whatever else, since disgrace is of no conce radon. Moral thought processes are free everyplace refering the oafish Miller, and his entire story is a colossal tragedy. The Wife of Bath # 8217 ; s position of adoration comes into battle with the other gender, what's more most generalizations. As a mind boggling grown-up female, her story involves obscenity, admission, and talk. The biggest perspective of the Wife # 8217 ; s character incorporates her longing of control. The Wife of Shower has an accepted approval, coming principal in the case of covering with her five hubbies or contributions at chapel. The Wife matches the old grown-up female who at last increments command over the knight in her story. However she shows introduction when being struck somewhere near her fourth hubby. The vermilion hosiery, # 8220 ; her plentiful hips, # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; hole toothed grinning # 8221 ; are images of her evil popular notoriety ( # 8221 ; The General Preface # 8221 ; , ll. 458, 470, 474 ) . In any case, the Wife of Bath # 8217 ; s numbness negates her experience. # 8220 ; One may advocate a grown-up female to be a virgin, however reding is non a decree, # 8221 ; shows the false impressions and defective sensible considering Biblical Bible that makes the Wife # 8217 ; s purposes of positions invalid ( # 8221 ; The Wife of Bath # 8221 ; , ll. 66-67 ) . Similar to the Wife # 8217 ; s character bewildering, so is her tenet on adoration. She is urged my her feelings and the fulfillment that she gets. She takes her through and through freedom to the limits as force for her own expansion. Through each explorer # 8217 ; individual story, love and the connection between grown-up male and grown-up female is delineated in their ain noticeable radiation. In the Knight # 8217 ; s eyes, his cultured love shows the trophy as the genuine Emily. The Miller # 8217 ; s coarseness and revoltingness prompts his places of criminal discussion and lasciviousness as adoration. For the Wife of Bath, her craving forever prompts love perceived as being accountable for energy. With respect to Mr. Mencken, the Knight, the Miller, and the Wife of Bath ought to do him extremely glad, since the entirety of the pioneers # 8217 ; stories are set into battle by their hypothetical record of a grown-up female and their arranged love for that grown-up female.

America through the Decades Free Essays

Since the commencement of the United States, there have been significant decades that have affected in various manner in the life of American. There are a few decades which have enormously changed the life of Americans in a positive manner while different decades have had a negative effect in the life of America. As a rule, there are significant occasions that will happen in certain years that will have an extraordinary affected in the later existence of a country. We will compose a custom article test on America as the decades progressed or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now One of the most significant decades throughout the entire existence of the United States was the decade somewhere in the range of 1940 and 1950s. This decade was characterized the section of the US into the Second World War andâ â the subsequent arrangement of the United Nations. A few students of history have contended that this decade arranged the United States to assume the superpower job that it has accepted on the planet. The 1940-multi decade had an extraordinary affected in characterizing the American military force that impelled it to a superpower status on the planet. This paper will investigate the absolute most significant occasion that occurred throughout the entire existence of the United States in the 1940-multi decade. The paper will follow the possible section of the United States into the war after the Pearl Harbor assault by Japan and the subsequent annihilation of Japan and give up of Germany. The paper will likewise investigate the job that the United States played in the possible development of the United Nations that has become a significant world body in intervention of contentions. 1940-multi decade The 1940-multi decade was one of the most difficult decades in the twentieth century. The decade came following the American economy was recouping from the Great Depression after the New Deal had been arrived at which enormously changed the financial circumstance of the nation. In this decade the number of inhabitants in the United States remained at 132,122, 000 and toward the start of the decade, the pace of joblessness remained at 8,120,000. Because of the impact of the Great melancholy and the expense of the First World War, the national obligation remained at $43 billion. Future remained at 68.2 for females and 60.8 for males.â This was likewise the decade which saw the Supreme Court make a decision that blacks reserve a privilege to cast a ballot which denoted the finish of the severe Jim Crow laws. This decade likewise observed the finish of the Second World War and the ascent of the Soviet Union and the United states as the two superpowers on the planet which additionally denoted the start of the virus war. To the United States, this decade was specific significant since it denoted the change of US from universal estrangement to a significant player in the worldwide undertakings and a significant interventionist in worldwide conflicts.â Let us look in the subtleties of the occasions that formed the decade. (Threeworldwars, 2008) The 1940s were characterized the occasion encompassing the World War II. Since American section into the primary world, it had finished its times of detachment from major worldwide issues. The First World War has instructed America that the world was getting progressively incorporated and what befell its reality was likewise liable to happen to her. The First World War had seen American wake up from her status which had honey bee delineated in the Monroe Document which maintained the rule of non impedance in European undertakings.  While the First World War was promptly trailed by the Great Depression, the 1940s introduced another decade past the Great discouragement yet new difficulties of the Second World War was another test that the nation needed to experience (Lone star school, 1999). The decade introduced with the Japanese assault of the Pearl Harbor on December 7 1941. There had been gossipy tidbits that Japan was intending to assault Pearl Harbor in emphasis for the United States burden on the nation. Anyway American powers didn't anticipate that the assault should occur and when it occurred, it got a large portion of them by surprise.â The Japanese planes assaulted maritime base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii killing in excess of 2,300 American and wrecking the USS Arizona and USS Oklahoma capsized.â â The assault additionally sank three additional boats and 180 airplane were pulverized. (Herbert, 2004) This assault was a genuine astonishment to the United States government subterranean insect it came when the nation was engaged with an issue whether to go to the war or not. Church Hill had made a few endeavors to impact US President Franklin Roosevelt to join Britain into the war however there was opposition from the congress and the from the US open. The nation was occupied in remaking its economy after the staggering Great Depression.  However the Pearl Harbor assault was the occasion that clarified that American needed to go to the path paying little heed to the lack of bias status that many had been calling for. Step by step instructions to refer to America as the decades progressed, Papers

These are the drones youre looking for

These are the drones you’re looking for Hi, I’m Mollie! I used to go here. I was one of the OG bloggers, majored in biology and brain and cognitive sciences, and I graduated in 2006. Since graduation, I’ve been pursuing the slow boat of academic science â€" I went to another school in Cambridge and got my Ph.D. in Cell and Developmental Biology, and I’ve been working since then as a postdoctoral fellow in developmental neurobiology at Children’s Hospital Boston. I’ve been living in Boston since I blundered onto MIT’s campus fresh out of Columbus, Ohio for the first day of freshman orientation in fall 2002, but I’ll be moving to the west coast in about six weeks to start as an adjunct lecturer at Santa Clara University. Most of the reason Im abandoning the east coast â€" because, to be honest, I love Boston, and I am super-bummed to leave â€" is that sophomore year at MIT, I met this cute aerospace engineering major, we got married after graduation, and his alarming levels of talent at building tiny airplanes led to him being offered a job at Google. So he’s been in California for the past two years, and I’ve been finishing my postdoc in Boston, and frankly we are pretty tired of this whole long-distance marriage thing. But Ive had a pretty productive year: I published a paper in Science, one in Neuron, and one in Cell Reports. So I am hitching up my covered wagon and hitting the Oregon Trail. (Is that not how this works? I hear the Donner Pass is great this time of year.) The cute-aerospace-engineering-major-boyfriend-now-aerospace-engineer-husband has been a frequent character  on the blogs for the past decade, so I figured, why stop now? Particularly because you might be wondering what a professional aerospace engineer does in his free time. Build model airplanes. That’s what. You might think, wow, doesn’t he do enough of that, like, at work? And the answer is ARE YOU JOKING? He’s always been a model airplane builder, even back when they were called R/C planes and not drones, but the proliferation of new bits and bobs available in the past few years has enabled him to up his game from building pre-designed kits to designing his own planes and making them exactly the way he imagines them. He’s a bit of a Star Wars nut, and recently, he’s been on a quest to build and fly one of every ship in Wookieepedia. Step one, obviously, is to use a commercially available toy to make a flying version of the speeder bikes from the Battle of Endor. After the speeder bikes, he made an imperial shuttle, complete with retracting wings and ominous music. For his latest build, he branched out into the real world, making a scale model of the SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket and landing it on a mini-barge in the middle of his friend’s (unfortunately green, yes) swimming pool. I havent heard whats next, but if you’re interested in more details about his builds, check out his Youtube channel, his posts on RCGroups, or the pieces he’s written for Make. For my part, Im trying to do all my favorite Boston things one last time before I leave in September. And I’m hoping that when I move to California, I can appropriate some of the closet space currently dedicated to his builds. Some of us want to build Star Wars drones, others of us just want to put away our clothes, you know?

The Effect of Money on Frequency of Divorce Essay

Missing Figures INTRODUCTION Despite the fact that divorce is discussed in almost any sociology or anthropology book, no unified explanations for family instability are available. Levinson and Malone (1980: 69) state that anthropologists have offered little in the way of trustworthy, universal explanations for divorce. The differences in cultures, traditions, and practices among societies make it almost impossible to offer general explanations for family instability. The widely held belief is that when a significant amount of money or property is exchanged, the marriage is more stable. This belief is supported by Minturn et al. (1969: 308) findings that absence of bride price, dowry, and gift exchange at marriage make divorce†¦show more content†¦Among them, bride price or bride wealth is one of the most frequently used methods. In other words, the most common type of marriage payment is that the husband or his family pays the brideï ¿ ½s family. The least common method of payments is probably dowry, w hich is paid to the bride from her family. Other types of practices in these societies include gift exchange, bride service, token bride price, sister or female relative exchange. Levinson and Malone (1980: 73) also point out that one other way of obtaining a spouse is known as bride theft, which is defined as . . . the forcible abduction of a woman for the purpose of marriage, without the knowledge or consent of her parents or guardians. There are, of course, societies that do not practice any type of marriage payment. LITERATURE After looking at the definition of marriage and the different types of marriage transactions, I began my research with some cross-cultural literature. According to Minturn et al. (1969: 308), a bride price often serves as a mechanism to discourage divorce. Family pressure on the woman to keep the marriage relationship intact is tremendous. For her family is reluctant to give up what they have received for her. Furthermore, her father often relies on the installments paid on her to meet payments due on her mother. In short, the literature suggests that divorce should be infrequent inShow MoreRelatedCauses of Divorce Essay886 Words   |  4 PagesCause and Effect of Divorce In today’s society, divorce is more the norm than ever before. Forty percent of all marriages end in divorce. Divorce defined by Webster is the action or an instance of legally dissolving a marriage. Divorce itself is both a cause and effect. There are many causes of divorce. Some of the causes happen more often than others. For instance, the most common causes of divorce are poor communication, financial problems such as lack of money, lack of commitment to marriageRead MoreFinance : The Five Highest Caused Of Divorce994 Words   |  4 Pagescaused of divorce. A survey that was conducted by The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79), sponsored by the Bureau of Labor Statistics was nationally representative of 12,686 individuals. They first started to hand out survey in 1979 when the respondents were between the ages of fourteen and twenty-two, until 1994 and surveyed every year since then (Britt, Sonya, and Sandra). This survey asked the respondents on r elationship satisfaction based on the frequency of money arguments inRead MoreThe Effects Of Divorce On Children And Their Parents Essay1270 Words   |  6 PagesDivorce is a life-transforming event that is caused by and lead to a variety of different conditions. Above all else, divorce has a huge influence on children and their parents, respectively. For parents who are getting divorced, it is crucially important to keep an eye on kids’ mental conditions and behavior – for children found themselves lost in such â€Å"unfamiliar† situation (Raynish, 2007). It has been researched by American Psychological Association (2016) that the divorce rate significantlyRead MoreEssay on Effects of Divorce on a Child1464 Words   |  6 PagesDivorce is a very common word in todays society. According to the American Heritage Dictionary, divorce is the legal dissolution of a marriage or a complete or radical severance of closely connected things(Pickett, 2000). This dissolution of marriage has increased very rapidly in the past fifty years. In 1950 the ratio of divorce to marriage was one in every four; in 1977 that statistic became one in two. Currently one in every two first marriages results in divorce. In second marriages thatRead MoreThe Effects of Changing Family Structures on the Children1163 Words   |  5 PagesMany families today suffer from a separation between the parental figures. The reason for the separation hardly matters. However, the separation will always have an effect on the children of the family. Personally, I went throu gh a family separation when my parents decided to separate and I found that what mostly affected my younger sibling and I was not the absence of my father, but the instability that came with his absence. The argument, â€Å"Are Fathers Necessary for a Child’s Well-Being?† can beRead MoreEssay on Divorce in America1453 Words   |  6 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Divorce rates in the United States have increased dramatically in the past 25 years. Over 40 percent of the marriages among young Americans will end in divorce. There is a lot of stress on all the people involved. The man has to deal with, usually, not seeing his children, being alone, and the responsibility that is accompanied with much of the legal process. The wife has to go through, maybe, entering the work force for the first time. Children are often viewed as a back burner issueRead MorePersonal Journey Of A Fatherless Woman Essay1565 Words   |  7 PagesDominican Republic was not an easy task. He came to the land of opportunities like many other families, looking to provide a better future for his children and wife. My father would write letters, send pictures and of course provided anything that money could buy. I finally met my father when I was seven. At that age, I did not know how to feel. It was strange having him at home for a couple of days then he would travel back to the United States. It is safe to say that my upbringing being a daughterRead MoreThe American Gaming Association ( Aga )1465 Words   |  6 Pagesmany scandals in American sports. Athletes, coaches, and referees in various sports have been involved in different scandals through fixing games to change the outcome. To ‘fix’ a game is when gamblers predetermine the outcome of a game by paying money to players, referees, or anyone th at can change the outcome. For example, in the 1919 Major League Baseball World Series, the Chicago White Sox lost against the Cincinnati Reds in a scandal that is considered the â€Å"†¦most famous fix of all† (Abram andRead MoreSinglehood, Hanging Out, Hooking Up, and Cohabitation778 Words   |  4 Pageshaving multiple dates at once in a couple of minutes. This procedure can be helpful because both women and men can meet and socialize multiple people in a certain amount of time instead of taking the whole evening just for one date. Dating after divorce could be a little challenging and cal also have a few problems; the way they date could be completely different than when they first did. They tend to use the Internet for new partners, there are fewer potential partners, and there is a higher changeRead MoreThe Effects Of Chiropractic Therapy On Children860 Words   |  4 Pagescertain stresses and environments. In a recent study, a 12 year-old boy suffered from a ch ronic medical issue. Chronic pain is a serious medical diagnosis resulting in a mild to severe pain continuously. Emotional and toxic stress has a major effect on children. Divorce, violence, and peer pressure are all examples of emotional stresses, while pollution, packages food, and vaccines are toxic stresses. Frequent adjustments allow the body to resist the body’s stress-causing agents. Newborns should be checked

The Cherry Orchard Essay - 852 Words

The Cherry Orchard The Misunderstood Comedy When the first production of The Cherry Orchard was performed on stage in Moscow, there was a significant difference of opinion between the author and directors. Chekhov strongly faulted the directors interpretation that the play should be preformed as a tragedy and insisted that what he had written was a comedy. The famous philosopher Aristotle defined a comedy as quot;an imitation of characters of a lower type who are not bad in themselves but whose faults possess something ludicrous in them.quot; The misinterpretation of The Cherry Orchard could be mainly due to a misunderstanding of the comic character. A quot;comicquot; character is generally supposed to†¦show more content†¦It is this that forms the ludicrous or comic essence of Lyubovs character. True, Lyubov’s character does have her tragic moments. At the end of act four, Ania refers to her mother as to having been crying all morning. Lyubov also expresses a lot of stress from not having money, even though her actions do not show it. The main theme of the play can be generally taken to be the passing of the old order of Russian society, symbolized by the sale of the cherry orchard. Since Chekhov did not belong to the ranks of the Ranevsky family, unlike other authors who had written plays on the same theme, Chekhov wrote The Cherry Orchard without becoming personally involved. He was able to see the the comedy of the whole situation and give it an artistic form of a play full of comic characters. Nothing was further form Chekhovs thoughts then that his characters should spread a feeling of gloom or depression on his audience. Therefore the symbolism of the cherry orchard had nothing to do with its sale. All it expresses is one of the common reoccurringShow MoreRelatedThe Cherry Orchard2124 Words   |  9 PagesThe Cherry Orchard: Critical Analysis The Cherry Orchard by Anton Chekhov is about a Russian family that is unable to prevent its beloved estate from being sold in an auction due to financial problems. The play has been dubbed a tragedy by many of its latter producers. However, Chekhov labeled his play a farce, or more of a comedy. Although this play has a very tragic backdrop of Russia#8217;s casualty-ridden involvement in both World Wars and the Communist Revolution, the characters andRead MoreCherry Orchard Analysis1685 Words   |  7 Pagesobject, place, or memory. In The Cherry Orchard, by Anton Chekov, Madame Ranevsky owns an estate with a cherry orchard. However, following the death of her son and husband, she fled to Paris and abandoned the orchard for over five years. Eventually, she found her way back to the estate, but with a major problem; she cannot afford the mortgage and is at great risk of losing the estate for good. She is racing against the clock to find a solution to keep the orchard. By having L opakhin be a characterRead MoreThe Cherry Orchard Essay751 Words   |  4 Pagesusing language that is poetic, the language used in modernist literature is explicit. Anton Chekhov’s â€Å"The Cherry Orchard† is an example of Modern literature because it tosses aside traditional structures and theatrical conventions. The play’s four act structure and the symbolism of the setting both exemplify examples of modernism in literature. The four act structure of â€Å"The Cherry Orchard† is an example of modernism because it rejects the traditional five act structure used in romanticism. ChekhovRead MoreThe Cherry Orchard By Anton Chekhov903 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Cherry Orchard† is a drama which contains a hint of comedy that originates from the country of Russia, by way of the author Anton Chekhov. The drama is centered around Russia’s popular form of slavery, which is the acquisition of a serf. Contrary to theatrical or modern conceptions of slavery, the contract between a serf and their owner could be dismissed on the grounds of buying your freedom. In correspondence with the history of Russia, Chekhov expands on the meaning of freedom by interpretingRead MoreChekhov s The Cherry Orchard756 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"I seem to have lost my sight†: Nobility’s Privileged Blindness in The Cherry Orchard In Anton Chekhov’s The Cherry Orchard, Lyubov Ranevsky loses her estate because she is unwilling to resort to commercializing it and renting it out. Ranevsky tells Peter Trofimov, â€Å"You see where the truth is, and where untruth is, but I seem to have lost my sight and see nothing†¦ because you’re young, because you haven’t had time to suffer†¦ You boldly look forward, isn t it because you cannot foresee or expectRead MoreThe Cherry Orchard By Anton Chekov1304 Words   |  6 Pagessuccessful citizens rising from the unknown to fame, or poverty to wealth shows the â€Å"common man† that if they desire a similar outcome, there exists a possibility of attaining a higher social status. Occasionally, as depicted in the play The Cherry Orchard by Anton Chekov, instances where honest means to attain fortune occasionally arise. By utilizing dialogue and direction, action, and images, he makes clear the dishonest motives of the character Lopakhin, especially within the third act. In orderRead MoreEssay about The Cherry Orchard2020 Words   |  9 Pages The Cherry Orchard: Critical Analysis nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Cherry Orchard by Anton Chekhov is about a Russian family that is unable to prevent its beloved estate from being sold in an auction due to financial problems. The play has been dubbed a tragedy by many of its latter producers. However, Chekhov labeled his play a farce, or more of a comedy. Although this play has a very tragic backdrop of Russias casualty-ridden involvement in both World Wars and the Communist RevolutionRead MoreA. Chekhov - the Cherry Orchard Commentary4493 Words   |  18 PagesThe Cherry Orchard is Russian playwright Anton Chekhov s last play. It premiered at the Moscow Art Theatre 17 January 1904 in a production directed by Constantin Stanislavski. Chekhov intended this play as a comedy and it does contain some elements of farce; however, Stanislavski insisted on directing the play as a tragedy. Since this initial production, directors have had to contend with the dual nature of this play. The play concerns an aristocratic Russian woman and her family as they returnRead MoreThe Cherry Orchard by Anton Chekhov987 Words   |  4 PagesAnton Chekhov, like Henrik Ibsen, is considered a prominent writer on culture and society. Chekhov’s works are noteworthy, in part, because of the lives they portray. In The Cherry Orchard, he writes of a world shackled by a caste system, and he exposes the need for reform. As the title states, the play is set in a cherry orchard. The play revolves around an aristocratic family and other minor characters, but the problem is the family is broke. Chekhov uses the symbolic characters’ memories as a wayRead MoreThe Cherry Orchard and Three Sisters600 Words   |  3 Pages The Cherry Orchard and Three Sisters. The Cherry Orchard is a play about a family that is about to lose their home. The madam of the house came home from Paris to find her frivolous spending and her brothers in competence will cost them their inheritance. As well as their family home all they seem to want is to be happy. Their life goals seem to be to have love and not have to be peasants. Also they want to keep the family orchard as it is when splitting it up would save them

Topic the United States Home Front During World War Ii Free Essays

string(220) " barred from employment in industries engaged in defense production solely because of considerations of race, creed, color, or national origin, to the detriment workers’ morale and of national unity: Now, therefore, \." Topic: The United States Home Front During World War II Essential Question: â€Å"How important was the home front to the United States’ victory in World War II? National Standard for United States History: Era 8, Standard 3 The origins and course of World War II, the character of the war at home and abroad, and its reshaping of the United States role on world affairs. Instructional Objectives: Students will be able to: 1. Explain and evaluate extensive economic and military mobilization on the home front by the United States during World War II and its impact of the success of the war effort. We will write a custom essay sample on Topic: the United States Home Front During World War Ii or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. Explain how the whole country, across all economic and social levels, was involved in a unified effort to produce the goods of war and of the common sacrifice made by every citizen through rationing, victory gardens, bond drives, etc. 3. Analyze and assess the effects of World War II on culture, family, gender roles, and technology in American society. Background Description/Historical Significance: Although there were no military battles fought on the mainland of the United States, World War II had a profound effect on the nation as the Federal government mobilized its economic, financial, and human resources to defeat Axis aggression. This war returned the nation to economic prosperity after a decade of dismal depression, promoted the growth of big business, and enhanced a close relationship between industry and the military. Politically, the power of the presidency and influence of the Federal government increased, and socially and economically, the war, through common sacrifice made by all, became a vehicle for improving the status of Americans. In short, the war became a catalyst for significant economic and social change whose impact extended well-beyond its duration. For example, before the war women had traditionally played a secondary role in the job market and men had dominated the industrial job sector. However, with millions of men being drafted or joining the military, women were needed to man the factories and supply centers producing goods for the war. (Over 400,000 women also served in the military during World War II. ) They also had traditionally faced job discrimination and lower pay levels, but some of these inequities began to fade as they took on more and more responsibility in factories and production centers. Posters extolling â€Å"Rosie the Riveter† were printed, recognizing the need and importance of recruiting women for the work force. Between 1941 and 1944, the number of women working outside the home rose by 5,000,000. By 1944, 72% of the female workforce were married women and their average age was over thirty-five. The war could not have been won without them. The war also began to create a more level playing field for minorities who had traditionally faced discrimination. All Americans were needed in the war effort and so black American, Hispanic Americans, and Japanese Americans (where in California whole families had been sent to military detention camps), were being drafted and joining the military. In the case of African and Japanese Americans, separate and segregated military units were created†¦ yet, they fought on the same battlefields with their fellow citizens. Changes also occurred on the home front. Factory workers were needed in the industrial north, and a migration of black workers to northern factories began and would continue until many years after the war had ended. What happened in the country during this time was really remarkable. America’s entry into the war had brought the Nation together, united in a common and just cause, like at no other time in its history. The sacrifice being made by families and citizens was equally and fully shared. At the same time, social change was occurring which would carry over into the post-war years and ultimately result in more equal rights for everyone. What was happening on war front was linked to the home front. The combination would result at war’s end with America emerging as the world’s pre-eminent economic super power. Instructional Activities and Primary Source/Document Excerpts: The following document excerpts, photographs, and posters can be selected, read, discussed, analyzed, and assessed by students, either individually for subsequent general class discussion, in a pair-and-share format, or in small groups with a cooperative learning activity. At the discretion of the teacher, document excerpts, photographs, and posters could grouped at designated â€Å"stations† in the classroom, and small groups of students could rotate from station to station during the instructional period. As the groups of students examine, explain, and evaluate the pictures and texts of the following selected documents, they will begin to ascertain and assess the pivotal role that the American home front played in the Allied victory in World War II. The teacher can select (as a menu) which of the following photographs, posters, and document excerpts are most appropriate for the instructional needs of their students on this historical topic. Following these photographs, posters, and document excerpts there is a menu of thought-provoking questions to stimulate student discussion and interaction. As a discussion prompt for either small group or whole class discussion, the teacher can present the following adage to the students: â€Å"If ‘every picture tells a story,’ describe what story about the American home front in World War II is being told by the following photographs and posters. † The photographs and posters of women and African Americans during World War II have been selected from the following websites:www. womenshistory. about. com and www. archives. gov/research/african-americans/ww2 [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] Document â€Å"A†: Whereas it is the policy of the United States to encourage full participation in the national defense program by all citizens of the United States, regardless of race, creed, color, or national origin, in the firm belief that the democratic way of life within the Nation can be defended successfully only with the help and support of all groups within its borders, and Whereas there is evidence that available and needed workers have been barred from employment in industries engaged in defense production solely because of considerations of race, creed, color, or national origin, to the detriment workers’ morale and of national unity: Now, therefore, . You read "Topic: the United States Home Front During World War Ii" in category "Essay examples" . . I do hereby reaffirm the policy of the United States that there shall be no discrimination in the employment of workers in defense industries or government because of race, creed, color, or national origin, and I do hereby declare that it is the duty of employers and of labor organizations . . . to provide for the full and equitable participation of all workers in defense industries, without discrimination because of race, creed, color, or national origin. . . . All contracting agencies of the Government of the United States shall include in all defense contracts hereafter negotiated by them a provision obligating the contractor not to discriminate against any worker because of race, creed, color, or national origin. † —– Executive Order 8802, June 25, 1941 by President Franklin Roosevelt Document â€Å"B†: It is the policy of the Government of the United States to encourage full participation in the National Defense program by all citizens, regardless of r ace, creed, color, or national origin in the firm belief that the democratic way of life within the nation can be defended successfully only with the help and support of all groups within its borders. The policy was stated in my Executive Order signed on June 25, 1941. The order instructed all parties making contracts with the Government of the United States to include in all defense contracts thereafter a provision obligating the contractor not to discriminate against any worker because of race, creed, color, or national origin. Questions of race, creed, and color have no place in determining who are to man our ships. The sole qualification for a worker in the maritime industry, as well as any other industry, should be his loyalty and his professional or technical ability and training. † —– Letter from President Franklin Roosevelt to Mr. Joseph Curran, President of the National Maritime Union, January 14, 1942 Document â€Å"C†: â€Å"I welded . . . lying on the floor while another welder spattered sparks from the ceiling and chippers like giant woodpeckers shattered our eardrums. I . . . have sat at a bench welding flat and vertical plates. . . I did overhead welding, horizontal, flat, vertical. . . I made some good welds. . . I had a good taste of summer today, and I am convinced that it is going to take backbone for welders to stick to their jobs through the summer months. It is harder on them than on any other of the workers—their leathers are so hot and heavy, they get more of the fumes, and their hoods become instruments of torture. There were times today when I’d have to stop in the middle of a tack and push my hood back just to get a breath of fresh air. It grows unbearably hot under the hood, my glasses fog and blur my vision, and the only thing to do is to stop. . . . Yet, the job confirmed my strong conviction. . . [that] what exhausts the woman welder is not the work, nor the heat, nor the demands upon physical strength. It is the apprehension that arises from inadequate skill and consequent lack of confidence, and this can be overcome by the right kind of training. I’ve mastered tacking now, so that doesn’t bother me. I know that I can do it if my machine is correctly set, and I have learned enough of the [ways] of machines to be able to set them. And so, in spite of the discomforts of climbing, heavy equipment, and heat, I enjoyed the work today because I could do it. † —– Augusta Clawson, a female welder in a shipyard, quoted from Augusta Clawson, Ship Diary of a Woman Welder (New York: Penguin, 1944). Document â€Å"D†: In the figure below the development of the United States labor force by gender during the war years. |Year |Total labor force (*1000) |of which Male (*1000) |of which Female (*1000) |Female share of total (%) | |1940 |56,100 |41,940 |14,160 |25. | |1941 |57,720 |43,070 |14,650 |25. 4 | |1942 |60,330 |44,200 |16,120 |26. 7 | |1943 |64,780 |45,950 |18,830 |29. 1 | |1944 |66,320 |46,930 |19,390 |29. 2 | |1945 |66,210 |46,910 |19,304 |29. | |1946 |60,520 |43,690 |16,840 |27. 8 | Source: Bureau of the Census, Historical Statistics of the United States (1976 ), Chapter D, Labor Series D 29-41. Document â€Å"E†: â€Å"It is nearly five months since we were attacked at Pearl Harbor. . . . Since then we have dispatched strong forces of our Army and Navy, several hundred thousand of them, to bases and battlefronts thousands of miles from home. We have stepped up our war production on a scale that is testing our industrial power, and our engineering genius and our economic structure to the utmost. . . . This is a tough job—and a long one. . . To build the factories, to buy the materials, to pay the labor, to provide the transportation, to equip and feed and house the soldiers, sailors and marines, and to do all the thousands of things necessary in a war—all cost a lot of money, more money than has ever been spent by any nation at any time in the long history of the world. We are now spending, solely for war purposes the sum of about one hundred million dollars every day in the week. . . . All of this money has to be sp ent. . . if we are to produce within the time now available the enormous quantities of weapons of war which we need. . . . All of us are used to spending money for things that we want, things which are not absolutely essential. We will all have to forego that kind of spending. Because we must put every dime and every dollar we can possibly spare out of our earnings into War Bonds and Stamps. Because the demands of the war effort require the rationing of goods of which there is not enough to go around. Because the stopping of purchases of non-essentials will release thousands of workers who are needed in the war effort. . . . I know the American farmer, the American workman, and the American businessman. I know that they will gladly embrace the economy and equality of sacrifice, satisfied that it is necessary for the most vial and compelling motive in all their lives—winning through to victory. . . As we here at home contemplate our own duties, our own responsibilities, let us think. . . hard of the example which is being set by our fighting men. . . . They are the United States of America. That is why they fight. We too are the United States of America. That is why we must work and sacrifice. It is f or them. It is for us. It is for victory. † —– President Franklin Roosevelt, Fireside Radio Chat, April 28, 1942 Document F â€Å"In late May 1940, with the fall of France imminent, [President] Roosevelt requested huge funds for the development of military and naval requirements. On December 20, 1940, he established the Office of Production Management with industrial leader William S. Knudsen as Director†¦. On December 29, 1940, in a fireside chat on the radio, he called for a national production effort that would make the United States the world’s â€Å"arsenal of democracy†. [After the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941,] at the beginning of 1942 Roosevelt announced a compulsory production program: ‘Let no one say that this cannot be done, and we are committed to doing it. ’ He issued a clarion call for 60,000 planes, 45,000 tanks, 20,000 antiaircraft guns, 500,000 machine guns, and 8 million tons of merchant shipping in one year†¦. The entire world was amazed by the pace of American production. By 1943, the production schedule was increased to 125,000 planes, 75,000 tanks, 35,000 antiaircraft guns, and 10 million tons of merchant shipping†¦. During the course of the war the productive capacity of the United States gave the allied coalition more than half its armaments, 35% of those used against Nazi Germany, and 86% of those employed against Japan. While providing the United Kingdom, the British Commonwealth, the Soviet Union, and Nationalist China with arms and loans, the United States at the same time doubled its industrial output. † Louis L. Snyder’s Historical Guide to World War II Greenwood Press: Westport, Conn: Louis Snyder: 1982 Sample Thought-provoking Questions To Develop Student Group or Whole-Class Discussion: 1. If the adage, â€Å"Every picture tells a story,† is applied to each of the above-listed photographs and posters, how did World War II affect the lives of women and African Americans? † 2. How did World War II affect American family life? 3. Explain the meaning of President Roosevelt’s Executive Order 8802, and how did this Executive Order affect African Americans? 4. To what extent did Executive Order 8802 lay the foundation for the upcoming civil rights movement in the years after World War II? 5. Describe the experiences of women who worked in factors during World War II. (Example: female welders). Why was it important for woman to work in factories during World War II? 6. How did the contributions of women on the home front contribute to the American victory in World War II? 7. How did World War II serve as a catalyst for social change in American society? Prior to discussing Question 8 provide a brief overview and background as to the role of A. Philip Randolph, the most important African American labor leader of the time, and how he threatened to organize a March on Washington if the Defense Industries were not desegregated. 8. Explain the meaning and sign ificance of the following quotation and slogan of A. Philip Randolph, President of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, in 1941, in proposing a massive March on Washington: â€Å"WE LOYAL NEGRO AMERICAN CITIZENS DEMAND THE RIGHT TO WORK AND FIGHT FOR OUR COUNTRY. † Why did Randolph cancel the march after President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 8802? Do you think that Randolph made the right decision? Explain your viewpoint. 9. How did World War II end the Great Depression and return the United States to economic prosperity? 10. Why did President Roosevelt describe the United States as an â€Å"arsenal of democracy? † Summary: The teacher can refer the students back to the â€Å"essential question† which was posed at the start of the lesson: â€Å"How important was the home front to the United States’ victory in World War II? † The students are directed to respond and take a position (develop a viewpoint) on this historical issue concerning the pivotal role that the home front played in the victory of the United State in World War II. At the teacher’s discretion, the pupils’ responses can be presented orally as closure to small group and/or whole-class discussion, or in written form, such as a response to an essay prompt or a journal entry into a â€Å"learning log† to bring effective closure to the lesson. Thus, as a circular approach to teaching and learning, the lesson was â€Å"opened† with a thought-provoking â€Å"essential question† as its primary learning objective at the start of the instructional period, developed through an examination, explanation, and evaluation of primary source document excerpts through group work, cooperative learning, pair-and-share, etc. , and closed with a critical assessment through the lens of the lesson’s evaluative â€Å"essential question. † Application (â€Å"Transfer Task†): Students can compare the pivotal role and significant impact of the American home front to military victory in World War II to the role and impact of the American home front today as the as the United States fights wars against terrorism and to promote democracy in Iraq and Afghanistan. Students can also compare the roles of women and African Americans in the armed services today with the roles and opportunities that were presented to them during World War II. World War II at the Memorial: [pic] 1. Study the images of sculptor Ray Kaskey’s bas-relief panel that depict the following: †¢ Lend-Lease/War Declared †¢ News of Pearl Harbor Men and Women at Work/Aircraft Construction †¢ Agriculture †¢ West Coast Shipbuilding †¢ War bond Parade 2. How does Kaskey’s relief panel capture the essence of the heroism of the men and women who worked on the home front in factories and on farms to secure Allied victory? Do you think Kaskey’s panels reflects what you learned in this lesson? If, so explain how. 3. Study images of the two types of ornamental wreaths used around the memorial on the fifty six pillars. The oak leaves represent American industrial strength and the wheat sheaves represent America’s agricultural ability to feed the world. Why do you think Kaskey chose these particular metaphors for the home front? 4. Examine the image of the pillars of states and territories. Notice that they are all connected by ropes. What does this tell you about the memorial’s design based on what you have learned in this lesson? What does this design tell you about the nation and the American people from 1941-1945. 5. Read the memorial inscription by Colonel Oveta Culp Hobby. (marker stone on northeast side of the plaza, south face). How is what you have learned in this lesson reflected in Hobby’s quote? [pic] 6. Read the memorial inscription by President Franklin Roosevelt (marker stone on northeast side of the plaza, west face). How is what you have learned in this lesson reflected in Roosevelt’s quote? [pic] Image 1: Pacific Victory Arch and State and Territory Pillars [pic] Image 2: Atlantic Victory Arch and State and Territory Pillars [pic] Image 3: Bas-relief panel â€Å"Lend-Lease/War Declared† [pic] Image 4: Bas-relief Panel â€Å"News of Pearl Harbor† [pic] Image 5: Bas-relief panel, â€Å"Men and Women at Work/Aircraft Construction† [pic] Image 6: Agriculture [pic] Image 7: Bas-relief panel â€Å"West Coast Shipbuilding† [pic] Image 8: Bas-relief panel â€Å"War Bond Parade† [pic] The Friends of the National World War II Memorial would like to thank the generous support of the ATT Foundation, General  Motors Foundation and USAA as major sponsors of our education program who helped make these lesson plans possible. How to cite Topic: the United States Home Front During World War Ii, Essay examples

Law Theories Karl Llewellyn Essay Example

Law Theories Karl Llewellyn Essay Under this presumption, Jerome Frank highlighted the psychological aspect of Judicial decision making when pointing out that in alliance with human nature, a Judges decision may be Influenced by such monotonous occurrences as what they ate for breakfast. Karl Lineally agreed that a Judge is able to perpetrate his own personal biases on the outcome off case. Lineally ascertained, when referring to Judge Judge Judge, or arbiter of Justice, is a lead official who presides over a court of law, either alone or as part of a panel of Judges. The powers, functions, method of appointment, discipline, and training of Judges vary widely across different jurisdictions. The judge is like an umpire in a game and S that, [w]hat these officials do about disputes is, to my mind, the law itself[2]. In this assessment, Leniencys realist views can be likened to that of Jerome Frank who challenged the notion of legal decisions as always being certain. Lineally agreed that law is not always a precise science, but did not agree that Judicial decisions are always uncertain[3]. There Is no single right and accurate way of reading one case, or of reading a bunch f cases[4]. In support of the aforementioned statement, as an example, Lineally offers two plausible structural arrangements in the handing down of a Judgment. In the first arrangement, consideration must be made, in that, the case can only maintain authority for that which Is required of the opinion to reach the Judgment. Anything else can be distinguished or unnecessary. In the second arrangement, the court maintains authority of the rule which forms the basis of judgment. We will write a custom essay sample on Law Theories Karl Llewellyn specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Law Theories Karl Llewellyn specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Law Theories Karl Llewellyn specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In distinguishable cases, however, it may still be applied indirectly by using statements such as We here said Or That case necessarily decided Along with the rest of the Judgment which does not encompass the rule[5]. Karl Leniencys theories on legal realism first outlined in The Bramble Bush, highlighted the importance of determining whether the legal pollens of Judges are Influenced by factors outside that of the law[6]. For ten long anal, Tort ten large-scale reshaping Ana growth AT Cottrell Ana our legal , . He almost unnoticed changes [are] more significant than the institutions historic key cases[7]. It was in Leniencys belief that a lawyer should have the ability wrought training, to be able to put forward a persuasive argument by utilizing the facts of a case rather than placing the emphases on the applicable law. In Leniencys opinion, law is gradually returning to the court tradition of the 18th century as being Precedent guided and principle controlled. This concept is o pposed to that of Owen Dioxins belief which leans towards a more ordered approach[8]. There are no fixed rules of how a principle must be applied in regards to the law. In considering this, it is possible in the same case for a number of Judges to all apply the same Renville and reach a completely different conclusion. Lineally interprets this as not an evasion or departure from the true construction of the principle, but a sound use, application, continuation and development of precedent. In Leniencys opinion, the freedom in the application of law in the courts is not to be construed as twisting precedent, as this concept carries the assumption that there is only one single meaning[9]. He main thing is what officials are going to do. And so to my mind to the main thing is seeing what officials do, do about disputes, or about anything else; and eying that there is a certain regularity in their doing a regularity which makes possible prediction of what they and other officials are about to do tomorrow. In many cases that prediction cannot be wholly certain. Then you ha ve room for something else, another main thing for the lawyer: a study of how to make the official do what you would like to have him. At that point rules do loom into importance. Great importance. For Judges think they must follow the rules, and people highly approve of that thinking[l In considering the aforementioned and the influence it has on Judicial decisions, the approach does not become limited in its authority, but instead, creates a responsibility which rests upon those in other areas of the legal profession such as lawyers. Lawyers no longer act as a foundational support, but act in the interpretation of that authority[11]. The courts manage new decisions with discretion, taking into account the sense of the situation as seen by the court[12]. It is in Leniencys Judgment that the courts are operating for the improvement of the way in which the law is being applied[13]. Leniencys theory takes this into inconsideration while also acknowledging the courts role within a changing community. Lineally came to the conclusion that the variety of ways in which a principle can be applied to a case does not affect the authority of Judicial decisions. It can, h owever, encourage the construction on the facts which point to the method of application more dominantly appropriate in the case. Karl Lineally explains in his book The Common Law Tradition,[14] the context for seeing and discussing the question to be decided is to be set by and in a body of legal doctrine, including its rules as well as TTS concepts, ideals, tendencies and pervading principles. The ideas Lineally put forward were undoubtedly important and innovative, however, they have obtained a degree AT criticism. It NAS Eden argued Tanat Leniencys Ideas Tort ten most part are impractical due to the difficulty in the implementation. The system of Jurisprudence in which Lineally has put forward could possibly require a lawyer in arguing a case adequately, to go to ridiculous lengths. This conclusion has been reached in considering the effort involved in taking into account all of the possible factors affecting the outcome of a case. This is the reason Leniencys realist theories never became the precedent for viewing the law. The law has continued to be viewed as a set of rules which are consequently applied to each separate case[1 5]. It has been conveyed that the process involved in the application of case law, and the consequential possible techniques on hand to carry out such an endeavourer, are infinite. In the process of Judicial decision making, the procedure does not always work in accordance with its desired function. Notably, in consideration of this fact, there are those who can offer an understanding of whether Lineally is in fact erect in asserting that there is no single right and correct way of reading one case, or of reading a bunch of cases[16] and that a courts decision might turn on what the judge had for breakfast[17]. There are those who, in accordance with his suggestion, can add light to the argument. In each of these methodologies, comes a new implication for the role of the Judiciary and also for its scope of authority. Sir Owen Dioxins approach in comparison to Leniencys can be seen as less philosophical and more mechanical and legalistic. The basis of Owen Dioxins viewpoint resides in the assumption that the court acts to facilitate the existence of a definite system of accepted knowledge or thought and that Judgments and other legal writings are evidence of its content[18]. Unlike Leniencys creative or constructionist role, Dixon suggested that: The court and the legal system stand as a necessary foundation of any community. Indeed it may be said that the courts and the system of law are both the foundation and the steel framework, but neither a foundation nor a steel framework is ever able to do more than support a structure with stability and at rest[19]. It was in Dioxins belief that Justice is administered in accordance with the law and not because Justice constructs the law. In Dioxins view, the role of lawyers is to act as a foundation which exists in order to keep the framework steady. It can be inferred from the aforementioned that the court, and consequently the cases which pass through the courts, are already subject to pre-existing laws. There are inherent legal principles that apply to each case and the courts duty is to merely act to uphold these principles[20]. Gerard Brenna sees the situation in a different light and sways away from the revives standpoint of Owen Dioxins strict and complete legalism to acknowledge the changing circumstances which the law faces. Brenna believes that in circumstances where the elicit underlying principles of law are not enough to determine a judgment, the courts need to articulate the principles of the community which give TTY to ten law In quest. In Toweling Graders tannery, ten law, wanly NAS shaped by English Judges and later Australian, only changes in response to a changing community[21]. Eden Under Graders view, the acknowledgement of the inherent principles and their enhancing authority supports the discretion of the Judiciary when faced with new situations. This approach can be seen as an alternative to the idea of strict legalism and also the creative approach as taken by Lineally. Although Karl Lineally has been criticized for his stance on the matter, he has shown that he would agree with the statement that, Judges decide cases however they personally wish to, or however they feel at the time. Lineally has shown skepticism towards the rules by which the courts decided cases[22], and in turn the processes by which Judges are able to make their Judgments.